ENGLISH | ѧУÊ×Ò³
¡°3+1¡±ÖÐÍâºÏ×÷°ìѧÏîÄ¿ÊÇÀÖÓãÆ½Ì¨´ó°ÍÀèµÄÔÞÖúÉÌÓëÃÀ¹úÄÚ²¼À˹¼ÓÁÖ¿Ï´óѧºÏ×÷¾Ù°ìµÄʳƷ¿ÆÑ§Ó빤³Ìרҵ±¾¿Æ½ÌÓýÏîÄ¿£¬ÊǹúÄÚ¡°985¡±¸ßУÖÐÂÊÏÈÓëÃÀ¹ú¸ßУºÏ×÷µÄʳƷ¿ÆÑ§Ó빤³ÌרҵÖÐÍâºÏ×÷°ìѧÏîÄ¿¡£ÃÀ¹úÄÚ²¼À˹¼ÓÁÖ¿Ï´óѧ£¨¼ò³ÆUNL£©³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1869Ä꣬ÊÇÄÚ²¼À˹¼ÓÖÝ×î¶¥¼âµÄ´óѧ£¬Î»ÓÚ¸ÃÖÝÊ׸®ÁÖ¿ÏÊÐÇø£¬ÊÇÃÀ¹úÖÐÎ÷²¿µÄÖøÃû¹«Á¢×ÛºÏÐÔ´óѧ,Æäũҵ¿ÆÑ§Óë×ÔÈ»×ÊÔ´ÀÖÓãÆ½Ì¨´ó°ÍÀèµÄÔÞÖúÉ̵ĿÆÑÐˮƽ³¤ÆÚ¾ÓÓÚÊÀ½çÁìÏȵØÎ»£¬Ê³Æ·¿ÆÑ§Óë¼¼Êõϵ¾ÍÏÂÊôÓÚ¸ÃÀÖÓãÆ½Ì¨´ó°ÍÀèµÄÔÞÖúÉÌ¡£¸ÃУѧ·çÑϽ÷£¬Ñо¿³É¹û·á¸»£¬ÔÚ¸÷¸öѧ¿ÆºÍÁìÓò¾ùÏíÓÐÊ¢Óþ¡£
¡°3+1¡±ÖÐÍâºÏ×÷°ìѧÏîÄ¿ÅàÑøÄ£Ê½Îª¡°3+1£¬ ¼´Ñ§Éúǰ3ÄêÔÚÀÖÓãÆ½Ì¨´ó°ÍÀèµÄÔÞÖúÉÌѧϰ£»´ïµ½ÒªÇ󣬵Ú4ÄêǰÍùUNLѧϰ¡£Ñ§ÉúÍê³ÉרҵÅàÑø·½°¸ËùÒªÇóµÄÈ«²¿¿Î³Ìºó£¬·Ö±ð»ñµÃÀÖÓãÆ½Ì¨´ó°ÍÀèµÄÔÞÖúḚ́䷢µÄÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹ú¸ßµÈѧУ±¾¿Æ±ÏÒµÎÄÆ¾¡¢Ñ§Ê¿Ñ§Î»ºÍÓëÃÀ¹ú±¾ÍÁѧʿѧλ֤ÊéÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄÃÀ¹úÄÚ²¼À˹¼ÓÁÖ¿Ï´óѧѧʿѧλ֤Êé¡£
±¾ÏîÄ¿ÒÔ·¢»ÓÁ½Ð£¸÷×Ôѧ¿ÆÓÅÊÆÎªºËÐÄ£¬ÔÚ½Ìѧ¹ÛÄî¡¢½Ìѧ¹ÜÀíÒÔ¼°Ñ§¿Æ¡¢×¨Òµ¡¢¿Î³Ì¡¢½Ì²Ä½¨ÉèµÈ·½ÃæÕûºÏÓÅÖʽÌÓý×ÊÔ´£¬ÅàÑø¾ßÓн¡¿µµÄÌåÆÇ¡¢½¡È«µÄÈ˸ñ¡¢ºÏÀíµÄ֪ʶ½á¹¹¡¢¼á¶¨µÄÀíÏëÐÅÄî¡¢¸ßÉеÄÈËÎÄÇ黳ºÍÉç»áÔðÈθУ»¾ßÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÅúÅÐ˼άÓë´´ÐÂÄÜÁ¦¡¢¿ÆÑ§Ñо¿ÄÜÁ¦¡¢ÓïÑÔÎÄ×Ö±í´ïÄÜÁ¦¡¢ÖÕÉíѧϰÄÜÁ¦ºÍ×éÖ¯¹ÜÀíÄÜÁ¦£»¾ßÓйú¼ÊÊÓÒ°ºÍÍŶӺÏ×÷¾«ÉñµÄ¸ßËØÖÊ¡¢¸´ºÏÐÍʳƷ¿ÆÑ§Ó빤³ÌרҵѧÊõ¾«Ó¢»ò¼¼ÊõÁì¾üÈ˲š£
ÏîĿӵÓÐһ֧ѧÊõˮƽ¸ß¡¢½Ìѧ¾Ñé·á¸»¡¢¾´Òµ¾«ÉñÇ¿µÄʦ×ʶÓÎé¡£ÏîÄ¿Òý½øµÄרҵºËÐĿγÌÓÉUNLÑ¡ÅɾßÓзḻ½Ìѧ¾ÑéµÄ½Ìʦ³Ðµ££¬UNL½Ìʦ²ÉÓÃȫӢÎÄÊڿΣ¬Ç¿µ÷Æô·¢ÐÔ¡¢Ì½Ë÷ÐÔ¡¢Ñо¿ÐÔ½Ìѧ£¬×¢Öعý³Ì¿¼ºË¡£ÀÖÓãÆ½Ì¨´ó°ÍÀèµÄÔÞÖúÉÌΪÿ¸öUNL½ÌʦÅ䱸ÖúÀí½ÌʦºÍʵÑé½Ìʦ£¬ÖúÀí½Ìʦ²ÎÓëÌý¿Î£¬×é֯ѧÉú´ðÒɸ¨µ¼£¬ÊµÑé½ÌʦÐÖú¿Î³ÌʵÑé¡£ÏîĿרÃÅÆ¸ÇëÁËÍâ¼®Ó¢Óï½Ìʦ£¬ÎªÑ§Éú½²ÊÚ´óѧӢÓï¿ÚÓï¡¢´óѧӢÓïд×÷¡¢Ñ§Êõ¹µÍ¨Óë½»Á÷ºÍ¹«¹²Ñݽ²µÈ¿Î³Ì°ïÖúѧÉúÈ«·½Î»ÌáÉý¡¢Ó¢ÓïÓïÑÔÄÜÁ¦¡£ÏîÄ¿´òÔì¡°ÈýλһÌå¡±ÌØÉ«ÏÊÃ÷µÄ½Ìʦ¶ÓÎ飬½«×ÔÓнÌʦ¡¢Íâ¼®½ÌʦºÍÍâÆ¸½Ìʦͳ³ï¿¼ÂÇ£¬½¨Á¢¿Î³Ì½ÌѧÍŶӣ¬ÐγÉÒ»Ö§¿ª·Å¡¢½øÈ¡ºÍ¾ßÓйú¼ÊÊÓÒ°µÄʦ×ʶÓÎ飬´Ù½øÁ˱¾¿Æ½ÌÓýµÄ¹ú¼Ê»¯¡¢¹úÍâÓÅÐã½ÌÓý×ÊÔ´µÄ±¾ÍÁ»¯¡£Ä¿Ç°ÒÑÓжàÈË»ñµÃÃÀ¹ú¡¢Ó¢¹úµÈÖøÃû¸ßУÑо¿Éú¼ȡ֪ͨÊ飬¶àÃûѧÉú»ñµÃ˶²©Á¬¶Á½±Ñ§½ðÏîÄ¿×ÊÖú¡£